jus officii

In the system of state, a relation between individual and the state is showed with nationality that based on two principles: jus soli (bond of the soil) and jus sanguinis (bond of blood). Vatican City has an exceptional system in relation with its citizens. The constitution of Vatican City is not recognise Vatican City’s nationality, and only admit Vatican City’s citizenship that granted based on jus officii (a bond arising from office holding)

2010/2011, Ajeng Tri Wahyuni, “STATE RESPONSIBILITY OF VATICAN CITY STATE (HOLY SEE) IN INTERNATIONAL LAW FOR THE SEXUAL ABUSE CASES INVOLVING CHILDREN (PERPETRATED BY CATHOLIC CLERGYMEN) THAT SETTLED WITH CANON LAW”, in Tilburg University, archived from the original on 17 Jun 2022, page 26

Unlike most other countries in the world, citizenship in Vatican City isn’t solely provided to people that are born in the country. As there are no hospitals in the Vatican State, virtually no one is born in there. Instead, Vatican citizenship is provided on a ‘jus officii’ basis.

2019 October 3, Ellen Curtin, “Everything You Wanted to Know about Vatican City”, in City Wonders, archived from the original on 13 Jun 2025

The Vatican may be the smallest and unique country in the world that confers temporary citizenship working for office. It is called ‘jus officii’

2021 February 21, “Why Vatican citizenship is unique and difficult?”, in Best Citizenships, archived from the original on 22 Mar 2025

Vatican citizenship is granted “jus officii,” which means individuals are given citizenship when they are appointed to work for the church in an official capacity.

2022 July 12, “Is Vatican City Part of Italy?”, in Italian American Citizenship Assistance Program, archived from the original on 01 Dec 2022