shoulder

plural shoulders · alternative dialectal shouder

1. The part of an animal's body between the base of the neck and arm socket.
   1. The part of the human torso forming a relatively horizontal surface running away from the neck.

      The parrot was sitting on Steve's shoulder.

      2 more examples

      But then I had the flintlock by me for protection. ¶ There were giants in the days when that gun was made; for surely no modern mortal could have held that mass of metal steady to his shoulder. The linen-press and a chest on the top of it formed, however, a very good gun-carriage; and, thus mounted, aim could be taken out of the window[…].

      1879, R[ichard] J[efferies], “The First Gun”, in The Amateur Poacher, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], →OCLC, page 4

      With just the turn of a shoulder she indicated the water front, where, at the end of the dock on which they stood, lay the good ship, Mount Vernon, river packet, the black smoke already pouring from her stacks. In turn he smiled and also shrugged a shoulder.

      1910, Emerson Hough, “A Lady in Company”, in The Purchase Price: Or The Cause of Compromise, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC

   2. anatomyThe joint between the arm and the torso, sometimes including the surrounding muscles, tendons, and ligaments.
   3. A cut of meat comprising the upper joint of the foreleg and the surrounding muscle.

      In the firſt Courſe there was a Shoulder of Mutton, cut into an Æquilateral Triangle, a Piece of Beef into a Rhomboides, and a Pudding into a Cycloid.

      1726 October 28, [Jonathan Swift], “The Humours and Dispositions of the Laputians Described. […]”, in Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World. […] [Gulliver’s Travels], volume II, London: […] Benj[amin] Motte, […], →OCLC, part III (A Voyage to Laputa, Balnibarbi, Glubbdubdribb, Luggnagg, and Japan), page 20

   4. The portion of a garment where the shoulder is clothed.
2. Anything forming a shape resembling a human shoulder.
3. A shelf between two levels.
   1. geographyA usually unsealed strip of land bordering a road, where vehicles can drive or park in an emergency.

      He stopped the car on the shoulder of the highway to change the flat tire.

      1 more example

      The shoulders are graded and the verges cleared well back to lessen the chances of hitting stray stock.

      2000, Bob Foster, Birdum or Bust!, Henley Beach, SA: Seaview Press, page 129

      Synonyms: lay-by

   2. geographyThe portion of a hill or mountain just below the peak.

      […]the north-western shoulder of the mountain[…]

      1818 July 25, Jedediah Cleishbotham [pseudonym; Walter Scott], chapter III, in Tales of My Landlord, Second Series, […] (The Heart of Mid-Lothian), volume II, Edinburgh: […] [James Ballantyne and Co.] for Archibald Constable and Company, →OCLC, page 57

   3. geographyA lateral protrusion of a hill or mountain.

      1 more example

      I certainly was not prepared for the cosy nestling valleys that snuggled against the shoulders of the hills; a land where the graystone cottages and farmsteads still prevailed, but where they had taken on something of the softness of their kind in Gloucester and the Cotswolds, and seemed almost like growths of the soil; […].

      1949 January and February, F. G. Roe, “I Saw Three Englands–1”, in Railway Magazine, page 12

   4. geographyThe angle of a bastion included between the face and flank.
   5. geographyAn abrupt projection which forms an abutment on an object, or limits motion, etc., such as the projection around a tenon at the end of a piece of timber.

      Having thus fully described my improved winnowing machine, what I claim therein as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent is in the forming of a series of shoulders one above another on the inclined board, forming the bottom of the hopper,...

      1847, editorial staff, “Winnowing Machines”, in Scientific American, series 1, Volume 3, Issue 9, page 68

4. mediaThe flat portion of type that is below the bevelled portion that joins up with the face.
5. The portion between the neck and the body.
   1. entertainmentThe rounded portion of a stringed instrument where the neck joins the body.
   2. The rounded portion of a bottle where the neck meets the body.
   3. engineeringThe angled section between the neck and the main body of a cartridge.
6. figurativelyThat which supports or sustains; support.

   passage[…]in thy ſhoulder do I builde my Seate;

   c. 1591–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Third Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene vi], page 158, column 1

7. The part of a key between the cuts and the bow.
8. hobbiesThe part of a wave that has not yet broken.

   You see you're going to make it into the safety of the shoulder. It feels like the happiest day of your life.

   1966, Bruce Brown, director, The Endless Summer

   Synonyms: hook

9. aeronauticsA season or a time of day when there is relatively little air traffic.

   For a round-trip journey starting from the UK during the shoulder period (1 April-30 June) […]

   1976, Trade and Industry, volume 25, page 270

   1 more example

   the determination of noise-induced disturbances during the shoulder hours and their consequences for the consecutive sleep period

   2003, Proceedings of the 8th International Congress on Noise as a Public Health Problem (Rotterdam, the Netherlands, 29 June-3 July 2003), page 184

present singular third person shoulders · participle present shouldering · participle past shouldered · past shouldered · alternative dialectal shouder

1. transitiveTo push (a person or thing) using one's shoulder.

   […]As they the earth would ſhoulder from her ſeat,[…]

   1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book I, Canto XI”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 21, page 160

   1 more example

   Around her numberless the rabble flowed, / Shouldering each other, crowding for a view.

   1714, Nicholas Rowe, The Tragedy of Jane Shore

2. broadlytransitiveTo bully, manipulate or pull rank on (somebody).

   He shouldered me out of my own band.

3. transitiveTo put (something) on one's shoulders.

   Early in the morning they shouldered light packs, took their rifles, crossed the big draw, and entered the timber where was the deadfall.

   1922, A. M. Chisholm, A Thousand a Plate

   1 more example

   Like a power clean, shouldering a sandbag — lifting it from the floor to your shoulder in one explosive movement — requires a coordinated effort from your core, upper body, and legs.

   2008 June, Men's Health, The World's Simplest Workout, volume 23, number 5, page 120

4. transitiveTo place (something) against one's shoulders.

   All three sets are nicely sculptured along the bottom to prevent interference when shouldering your gun with proper shooting form.

   2004, Chris Christian, Larry Sterett, Rick Sapp, The Gun Digest Book of Trap & Skeet Shooting, page 221

5. figurativelytransitiveTo bear a burden, as a financial obligation.

   The shareholders were then shouldering a burden of liability out of proportion to their mere ownership of theoretical fractions of the business.

   1950, Colin Arthur Cooke, Corporation, Trust and Company: An Essay in Legal History, page 111

6. figurativelytransitiveTo accept responsibility for.

   shoulder the blame

   2 more examples

   The former president has been forced to shoulder some of the blame for poor performances in key races, including in Pennsylvania, where his handpicked Republican candidate, Mehmet Oz, lost to Democrat John Fetterman in a contest that allowed Democrats to keep the Senate majority.

   2022 November 15, Hugo Lowell, “Trump to barrel ahead with campaign reveal despite Republican pushback”, in The Guardian

   She had a father before this and now she doesn’t have a father. And I shouldered that because if Meg wasn’t with me, then her dad would still be her dad.

   2022 December 8, Caroline Davies, quoting Prince Harry, “Prince Harry: royals didn’t understand risk to Meghan of racial attacks”, in The Guardian

7. transitiveTo form a shape resembling a shoulder.

   allowance at the bottom of blind bores for the chamfered tip of the reamer will obviate additional operations with shouldering or bottoming reamers to completely finish the entire length of a hole.

   1977, Roger W. Autor Bolz, Production Processes: The Productivity Handbook, page 12-81

8. intransitiveTo move by or as if by using one's shoulders.

   He had seen them in the beer halls, shouldering up to the head of the queues

   2003, Harrison E. Salisbury, The 900 Days: The Siege of Leningrad, page 304

   3 more examples

   The sullen murmur of the bees shouldering their way through the long unmown grass, or circling with monotonous insistence round the dusty gilt horns of the straggling woodbine, seemed to make the stillness more oppressive.

   1891, Oscar Wilde, chapter I, in The Picture of Dorian Gray, London; New York, N.Y.: Ward Lock & Co., →OCLC, page 2

   […]a yoke of the great sulky white bullocks […] came shouldering along together;

   1894 May, Rudyard Kipling, “Servants of the Queen”, in The Jungle Book, London; New York, N.Y.: Macmillan and Co., published June 1894, →OCLC, page 190

   Mr. Wagstaff strolled with me along the wooded arm of land shouldering northwards from Bethlehem Bay.

   2004, David Mitchell, Cloud Atlas, London: Sceptre (Hodder and Stoughton), →ISBN, page 502

9. transitiveTo round and slightly raise the top edges of slate shingles so that they form a tighter fit at the lower edge and can be swung aside to expose the nail.
10. intransitiveTo slope downwards from the crest and whitewater portion of a wave.
11. archaicslangtransitiveOf a servant: to embezzle money from (the employer).