superfluous

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UK/suːˈpɜːflu.əs/UK/sjʊˈpɜːflu.əs/Canada, US/suˈpɝflu.əs/Australia/səˈpɜːflu.əs/

adjective

In excess of what is required or sufficient.

“With a full rain suit, carrying an umbrella may be superfluous.”

Less commonScrabble 16

Meanings

adjectivesuperfluous (comparative more superfluous, superlative most superfluous)

comparative more superfluous · superlative most superfluous

  1. In excess of what is required or sufficient.

    With a full rain suit, carrying an umbrella may be superfluous.

    2 more examples

    Then I began to play in timid fashion, venturing only twenty or thirty gulden at a time. Meanwhile, I observed and took notes. It seemed to me that calculation was superfluous, and by no means possessed of the importance which certain other players attached to it, even though they sat with ruled papers in their hands, whereon they set down the coups, calculated the chances, reckoned, staked, and—lost exactly as we more simple mortals did who played without any reckoning at all.

    1867, Fyodor Dostoyevsky, chapter IV, in The Gambler, translated by C. J. Hogarth^(https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Gambler_(1867)/IV)

    This did not mean that the party was superfluous, however. The concept of an advance guard of the proletariat was a sound one; but it should be a group of active members, not a sovereign body.

    1978 [1976], Leszek Kołakowski, translated by P[aul] S[teven] Falla, Main Currents of Marxism, volume II: The Golden Age, Oxford: Clarendon Press, translation of Główne nurty marksizmu: rozwój (in Polish), →ISBN, →OCLC, page 84

    Synonyms: de trop, dispensible, excessive, excrescent, extra, extraneous, extravagant, pleonastic

Synonyms & antonyms

More synonyms by meaning

adjectiveserving no useful purpose; having no excuse for being

adjectivemore than is needed, desired, or required

Synonym sets from Open English WordNet, CC BY 4.0.

Origin

  1. Latinsuperfluus“superfluous”
  2. Middle Englishsuperfluous
  3. Englishsuperfluous

From Middle English superfluous, from Latin superfluus (“superfluous”) + -ous, from superfluō (“overflow”), from super (“above, more than, over”) + fluō (“flow”). Compare mellifluous and fluid, also from Latin. Literally corresponds to overflow, which is from Germanic, rather than Latin.

Full word history & related roots →

Translations

Ancient Greek περισσός
  • περισσός (perissós)excess of what is sufficient
Bulgarian излишен, ненужен
  • излишен (izlišen)excess of what is sufficient
  • ненужен (nenužen)excess of what is sufficient
Catalan superflu
  • superfluexcess of what is sufficient
Chinese Mandarin 多餘 /多余
  • 多餘 /多余 (duōyú)excess of what is sufficient
Czech zbytečný, nadbytečný
  • zbytečnýexcess of what is sufficient
  • nadbytečnýexcess of what is sufficient
Danish overflødig
  • overflødigexcess of what is sufficient
Dutch overtollig, overdadig
  • overtolligexcess of what is sufficient
  • overdadigexcess of what is sufficient
  • overvloedigexcess of what is sufficient
Esperanto superflua
  • superfluaexcess of what is sufficient
Finnish ylenpalttinen, tarpeeton
  • ylenpalttinenexcess of what is sufficient
  • tarpeetonexcess of what is sufficient
  • ylitsevuotavainenexcess of what is sufficient
  • liiallinenexcess of what is sufficient
French superflu
  • superfluexcess of what is sufficient
German überflüssig
  • überflüssigexcess of what is sufficient
Greek περιττός
  • περιττός (perittós)excess of what is sufficient
Hungarian felesleges, fölösleges
  • feleslegesexcess of what is sufficient
  • fölöslegesexcess of what is sufficient
  • túlzottexcess of what is sufficient
Icelandic ofaukinn, ónauðsynlegur
  • ofaukinnexcess of what is sufficient
  • ónauðsynlegurexcess of what is sufficient
Irish iomarcach
  • iomarcachexcess of what is sufficient
Italian superfluo
  • superfluoexcess of what is sufficient
Japanese 冗長な
  • 冗長な (jōchō na)excess of what is sufficient
Latin supervacuus, superfluus
  • supervacuusexcess of what is sufficient
  • superfluusexcess of what is sufficient
  • supervacāneusexcess of what is sufficient
  • superforāneusexcess of what is sufficient
Latvian lieks
  • lieksexcess of what is sufficient
Norwegian Bokmål overflødig
  • overflødigexcess of what is sufficient
Persian زیادی
  • زیادی (ziyâdi)excess of what is sufficient
Polish niepotrzebny, zbyteczny
  • niepotrzebnyexcess of what is sufficient
  • zbytecznyexcess of what is sufficient
  • nadmiernyexcess of what is sufficient
Portuguese supérfluo
  • supérfluoexcess of what is sufficient
Romanian superfluu, de prisos
  • superfluuexcess of what is sufficient
  • de prisosexcess of what is sufficient
Russian ли́шний, изли́шний
  • ли́шний (líšnij)excess of what is sufficient
  • изли́шний (izlíšnij)excess of what is sufficient
Spanish superfluo
  • superfluoexcess of what is sufficient
Swedish överflödig
  • överflödigexcess of what is sufficient
Thai เกินความจำเป็น
  • เกินความจำเป็นexcess of what is sufficient
Ukrainian за́йвий
  • за́йвий (zájvyj)excess of what is sufficient
Vietnamese dư thừa
  • dư thừaexcess of what is sufficient
Cite this entry
APA

superfluous. (n.d.). In WatkinsX Dictionary. Retrieved November 3, 2026, from https://dictionary.watkinsx.com/word/superfluous

MLA

“superfluous.” WatkinsX Dictionary, https://dictionary.watkinsx.com/word/superfluous. Accessed November 3, 2026.

Chicago

WatkinsX Dictionary, s.v. “superfluous,” accessed November 3, 2026, https://dictionary.watkinsx.com/word/superfluous.

Source: superfluous on Wiktionary, CC BY-SA 4.0.