Keshan

In many other places cadres from credit cooperatives also help communes and brigades develop diversified undertakings in order to make the collective economy grow and increase commune members' income. For example, the saving deposits of commune members in Koshan County, Heilungkiang Province, grow every month and quarter.

[1976 January 27 [1976 January 26], “Saving Deposits Grow Throughout Country”, in Daily Report: People's Republic of China, volume I, number 18, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, sourced from Peking NCNA Domestic Service, translation of original in Chinese, →ISSN, →OCLC, People's Republic of China:, page E 10

This same process occurred in villages founded in central and northern Manchuria. The fragmentation of a large estate can be observed in the case of the Chang household, which owned 1,080 hectares in K’o-shan county of Heilungkiang province in north Manchuria prior to 1911. By 1934 the Chang household owned none of this land. The estate had been sold off so that portions of it were claimed by 54 households, which ranged in size from 130 hectares to .13 hectares.

[1980, Ramon H. Myers, “Economic Growth and Structural Change”, in The Chinese Economy Past and Present, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 14