coenobium

plural coenobiums · plural coenobia · alternative caenobium · alternative cenobium · alternative cœnobium

1. A conventual or monastic community; also, a convent or monastery.

   [A]fter I had passed thirty years living in a cœnobium, I rejoice that I have also spent twenty more, so that I can never be accused of sloth among those who tried it in a half-hearted way.

   1894, John Cassian, “[The Works of John Cassian. The Third Part of the Conferences of John Cassian.] XIX. Conference of Abbot John. On the Aim of the Cœnobite and Hermit. Chapter III. Abbot John’s Answer Why He had Left the Desert.”, in Edgar C[harles] S[umner] Gibson, transl., edited by Philip Schaff and Henry Wace, A Select Library of Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church. […] (Second Series), volume XI (Sulpitius Severus. Vincent of Lerine. John Cassian.), New York, N.Y.: Christian Literature Company; Oxford, Oxfordshire; London: Parker & Company, →OCLC, page 490, column 2

   5 more examples

   [T]his profeſſion of a ſingle life vvas propagated in Egypt by Antony, and in Syria by Hilarion; and ſpred ſo faſt, that ſoon after the time of Julian the Apoſtate a third part of Egyptians vvere got into the deſarts of Egypt. They lived firſt ſingly in cells, then aſſociated into cœnobia or convents; and at length came into tovvns, and filled the Churches vvith Biſhops, Presbyters and Deacons.

   a. 1728 (date written), Isaac Newton, “Of the King who Did According to His Will, and Magnified Himself above Every God, and Honoured Mahuzzims, and Regarded Not the Desire of Women”, in Observations upon the Prophecies of Daniel, and the Apocalypse of St. John. […], London: […] J. Darby and T. Browne […]; and sold by J. Roberts […], published 1733, →OCLC, part I (Observations upon the Prophecies of Daniel), pages 197–198

   Some carts are entirely filled with representatives of the Church, but these are jolly, portly fellows, who pay loyally, and hasten to secure the most delicate fare for the table of their different cœnobiums.

   1851 October, “Naples Bay and Fish-market”, in Fraser’s Magazine for Town and Country, volume XLIV, number CCLXII, London: John W[illiam] Parker and Son, […], →OCLC, page 447, column 1

   There were the cenobia, or monasteries proper, where the life was according to the lines laid down by St Basil; and there were the lauras, wherein a semi-eremitical life was followed, the monks living in separate huts within the enclosure.

   1911, E. C. Butler, “Monasticism”, in H[enry] M[elvill] Gwatkin, J[ames] P[ounder] Whitney, editors, The Cambridge Medieval History, volumes I (The Christian Roman Empire and the Foundation of the Teutonic Kingdoms), Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: University Press, →OCLC, page 529

   Sometimes it [the church] is called Martyrium, when raised in honour of any Martyr; somes capella, (chapel,) … sometimes caenobium, at others sacrificium; sometimes sacellum; sometimes the House of Prayer; sometimes monastery; sometimes oratory.

   [1971, Theresa G[race] Frisch, “Early and High Gothic (1140 to c. 1270): The Symbolism of Churches and Church Ornaments”, in Gothic Art 1140 – c 1450: Sources and Documents (Medieval Academy Reprints for Teaching; 20), Toronto, Ont.; Buffalo, N.Y.: University of Toronto Press, published 2004, →ISBN, paragraph 4, page 35

   The Encomiast refers to St. Bertin's and St. Omer's as monasteria (II, 21, I and II) and caenobia (ibid., 15). […] The words monasterium and caenobium are, however, both freely used in medieval Latin in the sense 'collegiate church'.

   1998, Simon Keynes, “Queen Emma and the Encomium Emmae Reginae”, in Alistair Campbell, transl. and editor, Encomium Emmae Reginae (Camden Classic Reprints; 4), Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Cambridge University Press for the Royal Historical Society, →ISBN, page xx

   Synonyms: cenoby, coenoby

2. broadlybiologyA fruit of a plant from either of the families Boraginaceae (the borages) or Lamiaceae which has small loculi or compartments, reminiscent of the cells in a convent or monastery.

   Comfrey fruit is a coenobium consisting not of two (in carpel number) but four monospermous eremes. Eremes are not opened and seed not released from pericarp falls from the plant.

   2009, N. M. Nayda, “Seed Productivity in Symphytum L. (Boraginaceae)”, in T. B. Batygina, editor, Embryology of Flowering Plants: Terminology and Concepts, volume 3 (Reproductive Systems), Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press, →ISBN, part 3 (Seed Propagation), page 195

3. broadlybiologyA colony of algae which acts as a single organism; a coenobe.

   The study of ecological conditions under which the seasonal dynamics of meadow vegetation develops is one of [the] main parameters in exact studies of phytocenotic structure and the ecology of basic coenobiums.

   Archives of Biological Sciences

   1971, J. Danon, S. Stojanović, Ž. Blaženčić, “Comparative Studies of the Effect of Ecological Conditions of Microhabitat on the Structure of the Phytocenosis: Trifolieto-Alopecuretum pratensis”, in Vojislav Pavasović, transl., edited by Siniša Stanković and Paul Pignon, Archiv Bioloških Nauka [Archives of Biological Sciences], volume 23, numbers 3–4, Belgrade, Yugoslavia: Srpsko Biološko Društvo, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 52

   3 more examples

   […] M. [Louis-Félix] Henneguy finds four kinds of these colonies, which he calls cœnobiums: […] At the moment of fecundation the bundles of antherozoids are set at liberty by the dissolution of the antheridia wall; they move quickly through the water, and fix themselves on the female cœnobiums, and then separate to fecundate the oospheres, but the author was not able to observe the exact moment of their penetration.

   1877 January 1, “New Books, with Short Notices. [The Different Sexuality of Volvox globator and V. minor.]”, in Henry Lawson, editor, The Monthly Microscopical Journal: Transactions of the Royal Microscopical Society, and Record of Histological Research at Home and Abroad, volume XVII, London: Hardwicke and Bogue, […], →OCLC, page 35

   This group includes two genera, Volvox and Eudorina, which resemble Pandorina in many respects, and were formerly included with it in one group. Like Pandorina, these plants are motile, and consist of a number of ciliated cells aggregated into a cœnobium. […] The distinction between these plants and Pandorina is that in them certain cells of the cœnobium develops into antheridia and oogonia.

   1882, Julius Sachs, “Group I. Thallophytes.”, in Sydney H[oward] Vines, editor, Text-book of Botany: Morphological and Physiological, 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Clarendon Press, →OCLC, class III (Oosporeæ), page 278

   Genus, PEDIASTRUM, Meyen. Cells united into definite families, known as coenobiums; they are plane, discoid or stellate, swimming free. A coenobium is formed of cells in a single or rarely, in part, double stratum, which is continuous or perforated.

   1892, Francis Wolle, “Family, PROTOCOCCACEÆ”, in Desmids of the United States and List of American Pediastrums […], new edition, Bethlehem, Pa.: Moravian Publication Office, →OCLC, page 168

4. broadlybiologyA colony of unicellular organisms (such as protozoa) which acts as a single organism.

   eutely Phenomenon exhibited by a few phyla, notably nematodes, where all individuals have the same number of cells (or nuclei in a coenobium).

   2007, “eutely”, in J. M. Lackie, editor, The Dictionary of Cell and Molecular Biology, 4th edition, Burlington, Mass.: Academic Press, Elsevier, →ISBN, page 151, column 1

   1 more example

   The Radiolaria are marine rhizopods, whose unicellular body always consists of two parts,— […] The individuals are usually single: in only a small minority are the unicellular organisms united in colonies or caenobia.

   1887 June 17, “Challenger Report”, in Science.—Supplement, volume IX, number 228, New York, N.Y.: The Science Company, →OCLC, page 596, column 2