Xi'an

Xi·an
/ˈʃiˈæn//ˈʃiːˈɑːn/

proper noun

The provincial capital of Shaanxi, China; a subprovincial city in central China famed as the former capital of numerous Chinese dynasties, also known as Chang'an among other historical names.

Meanings

proper noun

alternative proscribed sometimes Xian · alternative obsolete Sian · alternative obsolete Sianfu · alternative obsolete Hsian · alternative obsolete Hsi-an · alternative obsolete Hsi-an-fu · alternative obsolete Singan · alternative obsolete Si-ngan · alternative obsolete Si-ngan-fou

  1. The provincial capital of Shaanxi, China; a subprovincial city in central China famed as the former capital of numerous Chinese dynasties, also known as Chang'an among other historical names.

    Then on Wednesday, after our formal talks concluded, Joan, Eleanor, and I traveled to the ancient city of Xi'an, home of the extraordinary exhibit of terra-cotta soldiers.

    2010, Walter Mondale, David Hage, The Good Fight: A Life in Liberal Politics, Scribner, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 220
    4 more examples

    THE SILK ROAD was actually a perilous network of routes. It was hazardous to monks and pilgrims carrying Buddhist teachings between India and China and even more hazardous to traders, who intended to exchange gold, wool, horses, jade, and glass for silk. The road started in what is now Xi'an, in Shaanxi Province, traversed a barren crust of earth through treacherous mountains and desert across Central Asia to Antioch and Tyre; the last lap, to Europe and Egypt, was by water to other Mediterranean ports.

    1984 January, Nina Hyde, “The Queen of Textiles”, in National Geographic, volume 165, number 1, page 30

    We began the trip at the ancient capital of Xi'an, where the Chinese put on an elaborate and beautiful welcoming ceremony. The next day we had the opportunity to walk among the rows of the famous terra-cotta warriors, and to have a roundtable discussion with Chinese citizens in the small village of Xiahe.

    2005, Bill Clinton, My Life, volume II, New York: Vintage Books, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 434

    The scheme was simple: Stuff cotton into air-monitoring equipment so that the air being read would be filtered and seem cleaner. The people doing this to produce better — but false — air-quality readings in Xi’an, the provincial capital of Shaanxi, got away with it for months, until inspectors noticed irregularities in the data.

    2016 October 28, Edward Wong, Vanessa Piao, “When China Wants Better Air Readings, Cotton Does the Trick”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 30 Oct 2016, Asia Pacific

    Quite how the other 7,999 or so warriors — each about 6ft tall and weighing just over 28 stone — were made more than 2,000 years ago, however, has long been a subject of debate, with experts questioning how the intricately carved figures could have been produced on site in Xi’an, northwestern China.

    2023 March 31, Didi Tang, “Terracotta Army’s broken arms may solve mystery of its creation”, in The Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 31 Mar 2023

    Synonyms: Feng, Fengjing, Hao, Haojing, Fenghao, Zongzhou, Daxing, Chang'an

  2. A district of Liaoyuan, Jilin, China.

    In 2008, Liaoyuan became one of twelve important cities for the economic[…]study, the Xi’an district was chosen as the study area considering the distribution characteristics in Liaoyuan.

    2012, Qing Chang, Xue Li, “Land Destruction Extent Assessment Based on RS and GIS in Liaoyuan Mining Area, China”, in 2012 2nd International Conference on Remote Sensing, Environment and Transportation Engineering, Nanjing, →DOI, →ISBN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 03 Jul 2024, pages 1–4
    2 more examples

    In February 2009, the Xi’an District People’s Court in Liaoyuan city, Jilin province, reported that when preparing for a trial involving Falun Gong and other “cult organizations,” the court must first “petition” the municipal 6-10 Office, and only after receiving an affirmative response is the court then permitted to hear the case.

    2009 October 10, “Human Rights”, in Congressional-Executive Commission on China Annual Report 2009, Congressional-Executive Commission on China, page 126

    In order to further assess the performance and demonstrate the effectiveness of the improved controlled-source audio-frequency magnetotelluric (CSAMT) apparent resistivity pseudo-sections method based on the gradients of frequency-domain controlled-source electromagnetic fields in a practical survey, we present a real data example from the coal mining area of Xi’an District, Liaoyuan City, Jilin Province, China. Liaoyuan City is located in the south of Jilin Province (Fig. 11a), and the survey area is located immediately to the northwest of Liaoyuan City.[…] Furthermore, the practicability of the proposed imaging method for real-life situations was assessed by its application to field data acquired in the coal mining area of Xi’an District, Liaoyuan City, Jilin Province, China.

    2021 February [2020], Ming Zhang, Colin G. Farquharson, Changsheng Liu, “Improved controlled source audio-frequency magnetotelluric method apparent resistivity pseudo-sections based on the frequency and frequency–spatial gradients of electromagnetic fields”, in Geophysical Prospecting, volume 69, number 2, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 30 Jun 2024, pages 486, 489

Synonyms & antonyms

proper nounThe provincial capital of Shaanxi, China; a subprovincial city in central China famed as the former capital of numerous Chinese dynasties, also known as Chang'an among other historical names.

Also see

Origin

  1. Chinese西安
  2. EnglishXi'an

c. mid/late 20th c., the atonal Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 西安 (Xī'ān), usually glossed as meaning "Western Peace" but inclusive of the idea of "Western Pacification" or "Pacified Area", first adopted under the Ming Dynasty in 1369 as the city was conquered from the Yuan and protected with a new wall. An apostrophe is usually required in pinyin to mark any non-initial syllable beginning with a, o, or e in a multi-syllable word. (See 隔音符號 /隔音符号 (géyīn fúhào) for more.) In this case, the apostrophe happens to distinguish the two separate syllables of xī and ān from the monosyllabic words xiān, xián, xiǎn, and xiàn.

Full word history & related roots →

Translations

Arabic شِيَان, شِيئَان
  • شِيَان (šiyān)capital of Shaanxi and former capital of China — see also Chang'an
  • شِيئَان (šīʔān)capital of Shaanxi and former capital of China — see also Chang'an
Chinese Cantonese 西安
  • 西安 (sai¹ on¹)capital of Shaanxi and former capital of China — see also Chang'an
Chinese Mandarin 西安
  • 西安 (Xī'ān)capital of Shaanxi and former capital of China — see also Chang'an
Finnish Xian
  • Xiancapital of Shaanxi and former capital of China — see also Chang'an
French Xi'an
  • Xi'ancapital of Shaanxi and former capital of China — see also Chang'an
Hindi शिआन
  • शिआन (śiān)capital of Shaanxi and former capital of China — see also Chang'an
Hungarian Hszian
  • Hsziancapital of Shaanxi and former capital of China — see also Chang'an
Japanese 西安
  • 西安 (Seian)capital of Shaanxi and former capital of China — see also Chang'an
Korean 시안, 서안
  • 시안 (Sian)capital of Shaanxi and former capital of China — see also Chang'an
  • 서안 (Seoan)capital of Shaanxi and former capital of China — see also Chang'an
Latin Singanum, Sina
  • Singanumcapital of Shaanxi and former capital of China — see also Chang'an
  • Sinacapital of Shaanxi and former capital of China — see also Chang'an
  • Xiancapital of Shaanxi and former capital of China — see also Chang'an
Persian شیآن, شیان
  • شیآن (ši'ân)capital of Shaanxi and former capital of China — see also Chang'an
  • شیان (šiyân)capital of Shaanxi and former capital of China — see also Chang'an
Polish Xi'an
  • Xi'ancapital of Shaanxi and former capital of China — see also Chang'an
Russian Сиа́нь
  • Сиа́нь (Siánʹ)capital of Shaanxi and former capital of China — see also Chang'an
Vietnamese Tây An
  • Tây Ancapital of Shaanxi and former capital of China — see also Chang'an

Rhymes & wordplay

Rhymes with Xi'an

All rhymes →
Cite this entry
APA

Xi'an. (n.d.). In WatkinsX Dictionary. Retrieved November 4, 2026, from https://dictionary.watkinsx.com/word/Xi'an

MLA

“Xi'an.” WatkinsX Dictionary, https://dictionary.watkinsx.com/word/Xi'an. Accessed November 4, 2026.

Chicago

WatkinsX Dictionary, s.v. “Xi'an,” accessed November 4, 2026, https://dictionary.watkinsx.com/word/Xi'an.

Source: Xi'an on Wiktionary, CC BY-SA 4.0.