cleave

present singular third person cleaves · participle present cleaving · past cleft · past clove · UK past cleaved · archaic past clave · participle past cleft · participle past clove · UK participle past cleaved · archaic participle past clave · participle past cloven

1. transitiveTo split or sever something with, or as if with, a sharp instrument.

   The wings clove the foggy air.

   3 more examples

   Some clock clove with silver the stillness of the morning. Ere came the second stroke, another and nearer clock was striking. And now there were others chiming in. The air was confused with the sweet babel of its many spires, some of them booming deep, measured sequences, some tinkling impatiently and outwitting others which had begun before them. And when this anthem of jealous antiphonies and uneven rhythms had dwindled quite away and fainted in one last solitary note of silver, there started somewhere another sequence; and this, almost at its last stroke, was interrupted by yet another, which went on to tell the hour of noon in its own way, quite slowly and significantly, as though none knew it.

   1911 October 26, Max Beerbohm, Zuleika Dobson, or, An Oxford Love Story, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: John Lane Company, published 1912, →OCLC

   O Hamlet, thou hast cleft my heart in twain.

   c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iv]

   Hee claue the rockes in the wildernes: and gaue them drinke as out of the great depthes.

   1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Psalms 78:15

   Synonyms: rive

2. transitivechemistryTo break a single crystal (such as a gemstone or semiconductor wafer) along one of its more symmetrical crystallographic planes (often by impact), forming facets on the resulting pieces.
3. transitiveTo make or accomplish by or as if by cutting.

   The truck clove a path through the ice.

4. transitive(chemistry) To split (a complex molecule) into simpler molecules.
5. intransitiveTo split.

   And it came to passe as he had made an ende of speaking all these words, that the ground claue asunder that was vnder them:

   1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Numbers 16:31

6. intransitivechemistryOf a crystal, to split along a natural plane of division.

plural cleaves

1. engineeringFlat, smooth surface produced by cleavage, or any similar surface produced by similar techniques, as in glass.
2. A cut (slash) or a cut location, either naturally or artificially.

   The valley by which the Taw leaves the Moor forms one of the cleaves that add so greatly to the attractions of the place, and this bears the same name as the parish.

   1905, William Crossing, Gems in a Granite Setting; Beauties of the Lone Land of Dartmoor, Plymouth Western Morning News Company, page 48

   2 more examples

   There are very striking scenes on some of the lesser streams at this portion of their course. The deep gorge of the Lyd is famous. In the "cleaves," or cleft rocky valleys of Lustleigh and of the Tavy, many a long summer day may be spent with delight; and the Erme, which descends by Ivy Bridge, is not less worthy of a pilgrimage. As the rivers leave the moorland they are crossed by venerable and picturesque bridges which, like that of Harford in our illustration, sometimes afford an admirable framework for the distant landscape.

   1876-1879, Picturesque Europe: With Illustrations on Steel and Wood by the Most Eminent Artists, Cassell, Petter, Galpin, page 213

   Early the next morning, when there was a tender pink light upon all the moor, and the gentle wind was filled with the purest odours found upon earth, the smell of firs and peat and dewy heather, and the first sunbeams seemed to be creeping down the side of the cleave to drink of the river, poor ill-used John Petherick was evicted at last from Wheal Dream and went into the immortality which he could not think about.

   1909, John Trevena, Heather, Moffat, Yard and Company, page 447

present singular third person cleaves · participle present cleaving · participle past cleaved · past cleaved

1. intransitiverareFollowed by to or unto: to adhere, cling, or stick fast to something.

   "I only know that I love thee as I never loved before, and that I will cleave to thee to the end."

   1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC

   5 more examples

   And they lift vp their voyce, and wept againe: and Orpah kissed her mother in law, but Ruth claue vnto her.

   1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Ruth 1:14

   Neuerthelesse, hee cleaued vnto the sinnes of Ieroboam the sonne of Nebat, which made Israel to sinne; he departed not therefrom.

   1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 2 Kings 3:3

   Yet not as therefore cruell things ſhould cleave / To gentle; not that vve ſhould Serpents ſee / VVith Doves; or Lambs vvith Tigres coupled be.

   a. 1638 (date written), Quintus Horatius Flaccus [i.e., Horace], translated by Ben Jonson, Q. Horatius Flaccus: His Art of Poetry. […], London: […] J[ohn] Okes, for John Benson […], published 1640, →OCLC, page 2, lines 14–16

   To the body and to the raiment, burning them; As after death I know that such-like flame Shall cleave to me for ever; yea, what care, Albeit I burn then, having felt the same?

   1862-1866, Algernon Charles Swinburne, Laus Veneris

   He was in such a rage that his tongue clave to the roof of his mouth. He could not even swear. He could only splutter.

   1881, Walter Besant, James Rice, “How Will Would Not Be Crossed”, in The Chaplain of the Fleet […], volume III, London: Chatto and Windus, […], →OCLC, part II (The Queen of the Wells), pages 163–164

plural Cleaves

1. uncountableusuallyA surname.
2. uncountableusuallyA hamlet in Offwell parish, East Devon district, Devon, England, divided into Upper and Lower Cleave (OS grid ref ST2000).