depression

de·pres·sion
D2E1P3R1E1S1S1I1O1N1
/dɪˈpɹɛʃən/[dɪˈpʰɹʷɛʃən] ~ [dɪˈpʰɹʷɛʃn̩]/dəˈpɹɛʃən/[dəˈpʰɹʷɛʃən] ~ [dəˈpʰɹʷɛʃn̩]

noun

A state of mind producing serious, long-term lowering of enjoyment of life or inability to visualize a happy future; any of several mental disorders with this state of mind as a central feature.

“I used to suffer from depression, but now I'm mostly content with my life.”

Opposite
CommonScrabble 13

Meanings

depression1

noundepression (countable and uncountable, plural depressions)

plural depressions

  1. uncountableusuallyhuman sciencesA state of mind producing serious, long-term lowering of enjoyment of life or inability to visualize a happy future; any of several mental disorders with this state of mind as a central feature.

    I used to suffer from depression, but now I'm mostly content with my life.

    1 more example

    It is that Mr. Levi's death could not be dissociated from the major depression with which he was afflicted, and that indeed his suicide proceeded directly from that illness.

    1988 December 19, William Styron, “Why Primo Levi Need Not Have Died”, in The New York Times, →ISSN

    Synonyms: despondency, hopelessness, misery, blueness, tristesse, mirthlessness, blues, crestfallenness

  2. countablehuman sciencesA period of low morale or unhappiness (a period of experiencing the above-mentioned state of mind) which lasts longer than several weeks and may include ideation of self-inflicted injury or suicide.

    Many alcoholics who die from suicide suffer from deep depressions that are quite frequently protracted,[…]

    2016 January 14, Danuta Wasserman, Suicide: An unnecessary death, Oxford University Press, →ISBN
    2 more examples

    […] your illness reflects the textbook description of bipolar disorder (euphoric, grandiose, manic highs followed by deep depressions,[…]

    2011 February 28, David J. Miklowitz, The Bipolar Disorder Survival Guide, Second Edition: What You and Your Family Need to Know, Guilford Press, →ISBN, page 106

    His first major breakdown occurred when his son was five years old; he continued to go to pieces periodically, with a particularly deep depression that lasted from the time Bill was in sixth grade until the time he finished junior high[…]

    2014 September 16, Andrew Solomon, The Noonday Demon: An Atlas Of Depression, Simon and Schuster, →ISBN, page 73
  3. countableuncountablegeographyAn area that is lower in topography than its surroundings.

    These large [mazes] led to smaller ones which were constructed to hold in the hand, usually in the form of a circular tray. In these a marble was contained which had to be manipulated to roll into a depression in the centre.

    1971, Gwen White, Antique Toys And Their Background, page 151
    1 more example

    It was not far from the house; but the ground sank into a depression there, and the ridge of it behind shut out everything except just the roof of the tallest hayrick. As one sat on the sward behind the elm, with the back turned on the rick and nothing in front but the tall elms and the oaks in the other hedge, it was quite easy to fancy it the verge of the prairie with the backwoods close by.

    1879, R[ichard] J[efferies], chapter 1, in The Amateur Poacher, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], →OCLC
  4. countableuncountableclimatologyAn area of lowered air pressure that generally brings moist weather, sometimes promoting hurricanes and tornadoes.
  5. countableuncountableeconomicsA period of major economic contraction.

    Antonyms: boom

    1. countableuncountableeconomicsFour consecutive quarters of negative, real GDP growth (for example, this operational definition is used by the US NBER and many other writers).

      The Great Depression was the worst financial event in US history.

      Antonyms: boom

  6. countableuncountableThe act of lowering or pressing something down.

    Depression of the lever starts the machine.

  7. countableuncountablebiologyA lowering, in particular a reduction in a particular biological variable or the function of an organ, in contrast to elevation.

Depression2

proper nounthe Depression
  1. Synonym of Great Depression.

    Synonyms: Great Depression

Synonyms & antonyms

nounA state of mind producing serious, long-term lowering of enjoyment of life or inability to visualize a happy future; any of several mental disorders with this state of mind as a central feature.

nounA period of major economic contraction.

Opposite

nounFour consecutive quarters of negative, real GDP growth (for example, this operational definition is used by the US NBER and many other writers).

Opposite

proper nounSynonym of Great Depression.

More synonyms by meaning

nouna mental state characterized by a pessimistic sense of inadequacy and a despondent lack of activity

Opposite
Broader
psychological statepsychological conditionmental state

nouna long-term economic state characterized by unemployment and low prices and low levels of trade and investment

Broader
economic conditioncrisis

nouna sunken or depressed geological formation

Similar
natural depression
Broader
geological formationformation

nounan air mass of lower pressure; often brings precipitation

Similar
Broader

nouna state of depression and anhedonia so severe as to require clinical intervention

Broader
affective disordermajor affective disorderemotional disorder

nouna concavity in a surface produced by pressing

Broader

Synonym sets from Open English WordNet, CC BY 4.0.

Origin

  1. Latindēpressiō
  2. Old Frenchdepression
  3. Middle Englishdepression
  4. Englishdepression

From Middle English depression, depressioun, from Old French depression, from Latin dēpressiō. Equivalent to depress + -ion.

Full word history & related roots →

Translations

Afrikaans depressie, laagdruk
  • depressiegeography: low area
  • laagdrukmeteorology: area of lowered air pressure
  • depressiepsychology: state of mind
  • gemoedsbekakkingpsychology: state of mind
  • depressieeconomics: period of major economic contraction
Ancient Greek δυσθυμία
  • δυσθυμία (dusthumía)psychology: state of mind
Arabic مُنْخَفَض, اِكْتِئَاب
  • مُنْخَفَض (munḵafaḍ)geography: low area
  • اِكْتِئَاب (iktiʔāb)psychology: state of mind
  • إِحْبَاط (ʔiḥbāṭ)psychology: state of mind
  • كَسَاد (kasād)economics: period of major economic contraction
Bulgarian па́дина, депресия
  • па́дина (pádina)geography: low area
  • депресия (depresija)meteorology: area of lowered air pressure
  • уни́ние (unínie)psychology: state of mind
  • депре́сия (deprésija)psychology: state of mind
  • икономическа криза (ikonomičeska kriza)economics: period of major economic contraction
Catalan depressió, depressió
  • depressiógeography: low area
  • depressiópsychology: state of mind
  • depressióeconomics: period of major economic contraction
Chinese Mandarin 洼地, 凹地
  • 洼地 (wādì)geography: low area
  • 凹地 (āodì)geography: low area
  • 低氣壓 /低气压 (dīqìyā)meteorology: area of lowered air pressure
  • 低壓 /低压 (dīyā)meteorology: area of lowered air pressure
  • 抑鬱症 /抑郁症 (yìyùzhèng)psychology: state of mind
  • 抑鬱 /抑郁 (yìyù)psychology: state of mind
  • 消沉 (xiāochén)psychology: state of mind
  • 沮喪 /沮丧 (jǔsàng)psychology: state of mind
  • 蕭條 /萧条 (xiāotiáo)economics: period of major economic contraction
Czech prohlubeň, proláklina
  • prohlubeňgeography: low area
  • proláklinageography: low area
  • depresepsychology: state of mind
  • depreseeconomics: period of major economic contraction
Danish sænkning, fordybning
  • sænkninggeography: low area
  • fordybninggeography: low area
  • depressionpsychology: state of mind
  • depressionpsychology: period of unhappiness
  • nedgangstideconomics: period of major economic contraction
  • lavkonjunktureconomics: period of major economic contraction
Dutch depressie
  • depressiepsychology: state of mind
Esperanto kavo
  • kavogeography: low area
Finnish painauma, vajoama
  • painaumageography: low area
  • vajoamageography: low area
  • matalapainemeteorology: area of lowered air pressure
  • lamaeconomics: four consecutive quarters of negative real GDP development
  • alenemareduction in a biological variable
  • masennuspsychology: state of mind
  • depressiopsychology: state of mind
  • depressiopsychology: period of unhappiness
  • depressiokausipsychology: period of unhappiness
  • masennuspsychology: period of unhappiness
  • masennuskausipsychology: period of unhappiness
  • lamaeconomics: period of major economic contraction
French dépression, dépression
  • dépressiongeography: low area
  • dépressionmeteorology: area of lowered air pressure
  • dépressionreduction in a biological variable
  • dépressionpsychology: state of mind
  • dépressioneconomics: period of major economic contraction
German Senke, Depression
  • Senkegeography: low area
  • Depressionpsychology: state of mind
  • Depressioneconomics: period of major economic contraction
  • Abschwungeconomics: period of major economic contraction
Greek λάκκος, βαθύ βαρομετρικό
  • λάκκος (lákkos)geography: low area
  • βαθύ βαρομετρικό (vathý varometrikó)meteorology: area of lowered air pressure
  • ύφεση (ýfesi)meteorology: area of lowered air pressure
  • κατάθλιψη (katáthlipsi)psychology: state of mind
  • ύφεση (ýfesi)economics: period of major economic contraction
Hebrew שפלה, דיכאון
  • שפלה (shfela)geography: low area
  • דיכאון (dikaon)psychology: state of mind
  • שפל (shefel)economics: period of major economic contraction
Hindi गड्ढा, मंदी
  • गड्ढा (gaḍḍhā)geography: low area
  • मंदी (mandī)economics: four consecutive quarters of negative real GDP development
  • अवसाद (avsād)psychology: state of mind
  • अवसाद (avsād)psychology: period of unhappiness
  • मंदी (mandī)economics: period of major economic contraction
Hungarian horpadás, mélyföld
  • horpadásgeography: low area
  • mélyföldgeography: low area
  • depressziógeography: low area
  • alacsony nyomású légköri képződménymeteorology: area of lowered air pressure
  • alacsony légnyomású légtömeg/területmeteorology: area of lowered air pressure
  • recesszióeconomics: four consecutive quarters of negative real GDP development
  • gazdasági válságeconomics: four consecutive quarters of negative real GDP development
  • levertségpsychology: state of mind
  • depressziópsychology: state of mind
  • (klinikai) depressziópsychology: period of unhappiness
  • hanyatláseconomics: period of major economic contraction
Icelandic þunglyndi, Kreppa
  • þunglyndipsychology: state of mind
  • Kreppaeconomics: period of major economic contraction
Indonesian depresi, cekungan
  • depresigeography: low area
  • cekungangeography: low area
  • depresipsychology: state of mind
  • depresieconomics: period of major economic contraction
Irish ísleacht, easca
  • ísleachtgeography: low area
  • eascageography: low area
  • lagrachmeteorology: area of lowered air pressure
  • dúlagarpsychology: state of mind
  • gruaimpsychology: period of unhappiness
  • spealadheconomics: period of major economic contraction
Italian depressione, depressione
  • depressionegeography: low area
  • depressionemeteorology: area of lowered air pressure
  • depressionereduction in a biological variable
  • depressionepsychology: state of mind
  • depressioneeconomics: period of major economic contraction
Japanese 窪地, 低気圧
  • 窪地 (kubochi)geography: low area
  • 低気圧 (teikiatsu)meteorology: area of lowered air pressure
  • 憂鬱 (yūutsu)psychology: state of mind
  • 不振 (fushin)economics: period of major economic contraction
  • 不況 (fukyō)economics: period of major economic contraction
Korean 움푹한 지대, 저기압
  • 움푹한 지대geography: low area
  • 저기압 (jeogiap)meteorology: area of lowered air pressure
  • 우울 (uul)psychology: state of mind
  • 불경기 (bulgyeonggi)economics: period of major economic contraction
Latin depressio
  • depressiopsychology: state of mind
Lithuanian depresija
  • depresijapsychology: state of mind
Malay tawar hati, kemurungan
  • tawar hatipsychology: state of mind
  • kemurunganpsychology: state of mind
Māori whārua, whāwhārua
  • whāruageography: low area
  • whāwhāruageography: low area
  • rāwakiwakipsychology: state of mind
  • mate pāpōuripsychology: state of mind
  • mate pāpōuripsychology: period of unhappiness
  • wā o te korekoreeconomics: period of major economic contraction
  • paheketanga ohaohaeconomics: period of major economic contraction
Norwegian Bokmål senkning, depresjon
  • senkninggeography: low area
  • depresjongeography: low area
  • lavtrykkmeteorology: area of lowered air pressure
  • depresjonmeteorology: area of lowered air pressure
  • depresjonpsychology: state of mind
  • depresjonpsychology: period of unhappiness
  • nedgangstideconomics: period of major economic contraction
  • depresjoneconomics: period of major economic contraction
Persian فرورفتگی, کمفشار
  • فرورفتگی (foruraftegi)geography: low area
  • کمفشار (kam-fešâr)meteorology: area of lowered air pressure
  • رکود (rokud)economics: four consecutive quarters of negative real GDP development
  • افسردگی (afsordegi)psychology: state of mind
  • افسردگی (afsordegi)psychology: period of unhappiness
  • رکود (rokud)economics: period of major economic contraction
  • کسادی (kesâdi)economics: period of major economic contraction
Polish depresja, recesja
  • depresjageography: low area
  • recesjaeconomics: four consecutive quarters of negative real GDP development
  • depresjapsychology: state of mind
  • depresjapsychology: period of unhappiness
  • depresjaeconomics: period of major economic contraction
Portuguese depressão, área de baixa pressão
  • depressãogeography: low area
  • área de baixa pressãometeorology: area of lowered air pressure
  • depressãoeconomics: four consecutive quarters of negative real GDP development
  • depressãoreduction in a biological variable
  • depressãopsychology: state of mind
  • depressãopsychology: period of unhappiness
  • depressãoeconomics: period of major economic contraction
  • criseeconomics: period of major economic contraction
Romanian depresiune, depresiune
  • depresiunegeography: low area
  • depresiunemeteorology: area of lowered air pressure
  • depresiunepsychology: state of mind
  • deprimarepsychology: state of mind
  • depresiunepsychology: period of unhappiness
  • depresiuneeconomics: period of major economic contraction
Russian впа́дина, воро́нка
  • впа́дина (vpádina)geography: low area
  • воро́нка (vorónka)geography: low area
  • депре́ссия (depréssija)psychology: state of mind
  • уны́ние (unýnije)psychology: state of mind
  • депре́ссия (depréssija)economics: period of major economic contraction
Scottish Gaelic ìsle, dubhachas
  • ìslegeography: low area
  • dubhachaspsychology: state of mind
  • airteilpsychology: state of mind
  • trom-inntinnpsychology: state of mind
  • sprochdpsychology: state of mind
Slovak depresia, preliačina
  • depresiageography: low area
  • preliačinageography: low area
  • útlmreduction in a biological variable
  • tlmeniereduction in a biological variable
  • poklesreduction in a biological variable
  • depresiapsychology: state of mind
  • depresiapsychology: period of unhappiness
  • depresiaeconomics: period of major economic contraction
  • recesiaeconomics: period of major economic contraction
Spanish depresión, hondonada
  • depresióngeography: low area
  • hondonadageography: low area
  • hondóngeography: low area
  • área de baja presiónmeteorology: area of lowered air pressure
  • depresiónreduction in a biological variable
  • depresiónpsychology: state of mind
  • depresiónpsychology: period of unhappiness
  • depresióneconomics: period of major economic contraction
Swedish depression, sänka
  • depressiongeography: low area
  • sänkageography: low area
  • lågtryckmeteorology: area of lowered air pressure
  • depressionpsychology: state of mind
  • depressioneconomics: period of major economic contraction
Tagalog depresyon, hidiin
  • depresyongeography: low area
  • hidiinmeteorology: area of lowered air pressure
  • depresyonmeteorology: area of lowered air pressure
  • depresyonpsychology: state of mind
  • depresyonpsychology: period of unhappiness
  • depresyoneconomics: period of major economic contraction
Thai ที่ลุ่ม, บริเวณความกดอากาศต่ำ
  • ที่ลุ่ม (tîi-lûm)geography: low area
  • บริเวณความกดอากาศต่ำ (bò-rí-ween-kwaam-gòt-aa-gàat-dtàm)meteorology: area of lowered air pressure
  • หย่อมความกดอากาศต่ำ (yɔ̀m-kwaam-gòt-aa-gàat-dtàm)meteorology: area of lowered air pressure
  • ความซึมเศร้า (kwaam-sʉm-sâo)psychology: state of mind
  • อารมณ์ซึมเศร้า (aa-rom-sʉm-sâo)psychology: state of mind
  • โรคซึมเศร้า (rôok-sʉm-sâo)psychology: state of mind
  • ภาวะเศรษฐกิจตกต่ำ (paa-wá-sèet-thà-gìt-dtòk-dtàm)economics: period of major economic contraction
Turkish çukur, depresyon
  • çukurgeography: low area
  • depresyonpsychology: state of mind
  • bunalımpsychology: state of mind
Ukrainian запа́дина, впа́дина
  • запа́дина (zapádyna)geography: low area
  • впа́дина (vpádyna)geography: low area
  • депре́сія (deprésija)psychology: state of mind
Urdu افسردگی, افسردگی
  • افسردگی (afsurdagī)psychology: state of mind
  • افسردگی (afsurdagī)psychology: period of unhappiness
Vietnamese áp thấp, sự trầm cảm
  • áp thấpmeteorology: area of lowered air pressure
  • sự trầm cảmpsychology: state of mind
Welsh iselder ysbryd, iselder
  • iselder ysbrydpsychology: state of mind
  • iselderpsychology: state of mind
  • iselder ysbrydpsychology: period of unhappiness
  • iselderpsychology: period of unhappiness
  • dirwasgiadeconomics: period of major economic contraction
Yiddish דעפרעסיע
  • דעפרעסיע (depresie)psychology: state of mind

Rhymes & wordplay

Rhymes with depression

All rhymes →

Anagrams

Cite this entry
APA

depression. (n.d.). In WatkinsX Dictionary. Retrieved November 3, 2026, from https://dictionary.watkinsx.com/word/depression

MLA

“depression.” WatkinsX Dictionary, https://dictionary.watkinsx.com/word/depression. Accessed November 3, 2026.

Chicago

WatkinsX Dictionary, s.v. “depression,” accessed November 3, 2026, https://dictionary.watkinsx.com/word/depression.

Source: depression on Wiktionary, CC BY-SA 4.0.