of

O1F4
UK/ɒv/Australia, British, New Zealand, Southern, Standard/ɔv/US/ʌv/US[ɐv~ʌv~əv]

preposition

From (a place); off.

“He hasn't been well of late.”

Very commonFirst used 9th c.Scrabble 5

Meanings

of1

preposition

alternative ov · alternative ob · alternative o · alternative o' · alternative a

  1. Expressing distance or motion.
    1. dialectalobsoleteexcept in phrasesFrom (a place); off.First known use 9th c.

      Take the chicken out of the freezer.

      2 more examples

      Sir said Galahad by this shelde ben many merueils fallen / Sir sayd the knyght hit befelle after the passion of our lord Ihesu Crist xxxij yere that Ioseph of Armathye the gentyl knyghte / the whiche took doune oure lord of the hooly Crosse att that tyme he departed from Iherusalem with a grete party of his kynred with hym

      Sir, said Galahad, by this shield many marvels have fallen / Sir, said the knight, it befell after the passion of our lord Jesus Christ, year 32, when Joseph of Arimathea, the gentile knight, / took down our lord of the holy Cross. At that time, he departed from Jerusalem with a great party of his kindred with him

      1485, Sir Thomas Malory, chapter X, in Le Morte Darthur, book XIII

      Against headache, vertigo, vapours which ascend forth of the stomach to molest the head, read Hercules de Saxonia and others.

      1621, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy, […], Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and Iames Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition 2, section 3, member 5, subsection 2
    2. obsolete except in phrasesSince, from (a given time, earlier state etc.).First known use 9th c.

      He hasn't been well of late.

      3 more examples

      And he axed his father: howe longe is it agoo, sens this hath happened hym? And he sayde, of a chylde.

      1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, Mark

      one that I brought vp of a puppy […] I was sent to deliuer him, as a present to Mistris Siluia, from my Master.

      c. 1590–1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Two Gentlemen of Verona”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iv]

      Obama has been obliged to make nice of late in hope of rescuing the moribund two-state process and preventing resumed West Bank settlement building.

      2010 July 29, Simon Tisdall, “(please specify the article title)”, in Alan Rusbridger, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC
    3. From, away from (a position, number, distance etc.).First known use 10th c.

      There are no shops within twenty miles of the cottage.

      2 more examples

      Though Washington does not officially recognize Moscow, the Hoover Administration permits a Soviet Russian Information Bureau to flourish in a modest red brick house on Massachusetts Avenue, within a mile of the White House.

      1932 September 30, Time

      There are now upwards of 1.4 million 99ers in America facing a life with no benefits and few prospects for finding a job in a market in which companies are still not hiring.

      2010 November 7, “(please specify the article title)”, in Alan Rusbridger, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC
  2. Expressing separation.
    1. Indicating removal, absence or separation, with the action indicated by a transitive verb and the quality or substance by a grammatical object.First known use 10th c.

      Finally she was relieved of the burden of caring for her sick husband.

      4 more examples

      And ther with on his handes and on his knees he wente soo nyghe that he touched the holy vessel / and kyste hit / and anone he was hole / and thenne he sayd lord god I thanke the / for I am helyd of this sekenesse

      And there, with his hands and on his knees, he got so close that he touched the holy vessel / and kissed it / and he was whole straight away / and then he said: lord God, I thank thee / for I am healed of this sickness

      1485, Sir Thomas Malory, “xviij”, in Le Morte Darthur, book XIII

      Antigonus [took] upon him to favour a souldier of his by reason of his vertue and valour, to have great care of him, and see whether they could recover him of a lingering and inward disease which had long tormented him […]

      1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter I, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC

      I am almost entirely cured of my rheumatism—just a little pain in my knee now and then, to make me remember what it was, and keep on flannel.

      1816 February 20, Jane Austen, Letter

      In Houston, ten minutes after the Lindquist Finance Corp. was robbed of $447, Office Manager Howard Willson got a phone call from the thief who complained: "You didn't have enough money over there."

      1951 September 3, Time
    2. Indicating removal, absence or separation, with resulting state indicated by an adjective.First known use 10th c.

      He seemed devoid of human feelings.

      2 more examples

      But schemes are perfectly accidental: some will appear barren of hints and matter, but prove to be fruitful […]

      1731 August 28, Jonathan Swift, Letter

      Yet for long spells Villa looked laboured and devoid of ideas.

      2010 October 31, Stuart James, “(please specify the article title)”, in Alan Rusbridger, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC
    3. obsoleteIndicating removal, absence or separation, construed with an intransitive verb.First known use 14th–19th c.

      He was kindly treated by the people at Saco, and recovered of his wounds.

      1822, Jacob Bailey Moore, New Hampshire, volume 1, page 5
  3. Expressing origin.
    1. Indicating an ancestral source or origin of descent.First known use 9th c.

      The word is believed to be of Japanese origin.

      3 more examples

      They wondred all, and marveylled sayinge amonge themselves: Loke, are not all these which speake off galile? And howe heare we every man his awne tongue wherein we were boren?

      1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, Acts

      My father was born of a family of weavers in Manchester, England.

      1954, The Rotarian, volume 85:6

      Nothing may come of these ideas, yet their potential should not be dismissed.

      2010, “The Cost of Repair”, in The Economist
    2. Introducing an epithet that indicates a birthplace, residence, dominion, or other place associated with the individual.

      Anselm of Bec (after monastery)

      5 more examples

      Jesus of Nazareth (after hometown)

      Anselm of Canterbury (after diocese)

      Anselm of Aosta (after birthplace)

      Pedro II of Brazil (after dominion)

      Mrs Miggins of Gasworks Road, Mudchester (after place of residence)

    3. Indicating a (non-physical) source of action or emotion; introducing a cause, instigation; from, out of, as an expression of.First known use 9th c.

      The invention was born of necessity.

      3 more examples

      Faire knyght said Palomydes me semeth we haue assayed eyther other passyng sore / and yf hit may please the / I requyre the of thy knyghthode telle me thy name / Sir said the knyȝt to Palomydes / that is me loth to doo / for thou hast done me wronge.

      Fair knight, said Palamedes, seems to me we have assayed, either other passing sore / and if it may please thee / I request thee, of thy knighthood, tell me thy name / Sir, said the knight to Palamedes, / I am loath to do that / for thou hast done me wrong.

      1485, Sir Thomas Malory, chapter XIX, in Le Morte Darthur, book X

      Undoubtedly it is to be understood, that inflicting deserved punishment on all evil doers, of right, belongs to God.

      1803, John Smalley, Sermons

      The woman who danced for me said she was there of her own free will, but when I pushed a bit further, I discovered that she "owed a man a lot of money", and had to pay it back quickly.

      2008 December 3, Rowenna Davis, “(please specify the article title)”, in Alan Rusbridger, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC
    4. following an intransitive verbIndicates the source or cause of the verb.First known use 10th c.

      It is said that she died of a broken heart.

      2 more examples

      He smelled of beer and cigarette smoke and his own body.

      2006, Joyce Carol Oates, The Female of the Species

      Two men, one from Somalia and one from Zimbabwe, died of terminal illnesses shortly after their incarceration ended.

      2010 October 5, Rebecca Omonira-Oyekanmi, “(please specify the article title)”, in Alan Rusbridger, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC
    5. following an adjectiveIndicates the subject or cause of the adjective.First known use 13th c.

      I am tired of all this nonsense.

      2 more examples

      Lib Dems were appalled by Mr Boles’s offer, however kindly meant: the party is so frightened of losing its independence under Mr Clegg that such a pact would “kill” him, says a senior member.

      2010 September 23, Bagehot, The Economist

      Thus, one finds individuals dead of a gunshot wound with potentially lethal levels of drugs.

      2015, Vincent J. M. DiMaio, Gunshot Wounds
  4. Expressing agency.
    1. following a passive verbIndicates the agent (for most verbs, now usually expressed with by).First known use 9th c.

      I am not particularly enamoured of this idea.

      4 more examples

      After a good while, the iewes toke cousell amonge themselves to kyll him. But their layinges awayte wer knowen of Saul.

      1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, Acts

      [S]he might appeare to be the lively patterne of another Lucrece, yet know I certainly that, both before that time and afterward, she had beene enjoyed of others upon easier composition.

      1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter I, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC

      The family is ordained of God.

      1995, The Family: A Proclamation to the World, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

      Colombia and Venezuela share an elegantly restrained style, with much back-stepping, smaller hand-movements and little use of the elaborate, arm-tangling moves beloved of Cuban dancers.

      2008 March 27, “Selling rhythm to the world”, in The Economist
    2. Used to introduce the "subjective genitive"; following a noun to form the head of a postmodifying noun phrase (see also 'Possession' senses below).First known use 13th c.

      The contract can be terminated at any time with the agreement of both parties.

      2 more examples

      In Blood and Sand, meanwhile, Valentino repeatedly solicits the attention of women who have turned away from him.

      1994, Paul Coates, Film at the Intersection of High and Mass Culture, page 136

      Somehow Croatia has escaped the opprobrium of the likes of the German Christian Democrats and others that are against any rapid enlargement of the European Union to the include rest of the western Balkans.

      2009 December 28, “Head to head”, in The Economist
    3. following an adjectiveUsed to indicate the agent of something described by the adjective.First known use 16th c.

      It was very brave of you to speak out like that.

      2 more examples

      When this was over, Mr. Woodhouse gratefully observed,—"It is very kind of you, Mr. Knightley, to come out at this late hour to call upon us."

      1815 December (indicated as 1816), [Jane Austen], Emma: […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: […] [Charles Roworth and James Moyes] for John Murray, →OCLC

      Morrissey's spokesperson says he is considering the offer. It would perhaps be rude of him to decline.

      2007 January 10, Dorian Lynskey, “(please specify the article title)”, in Alan Rusbridger, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC
  5. Expressing composition, substance.
    1. making etc.Used to indicate the material or substance used.First known use 9th c.

      Many 'corks' are now actually made of plastic.

      1 more example

      The mallet is made of a hard heavy wood resembling ebony, is about twelve inches in length, and perhaps two in breadth, with a rounded handle at one end, and in shape is the exact counterpart of one of our four-sided razor-strops.

      Typee

      1846 February 26, Herman Melville, chapter XIX, in Narrative of a Four Months’ Residence among the Natives of a Valley of the Marquesas Islands; or, A Peep at Polynesian Life [Typee], London: John Murray, […], →OCLC, part I, page 164
    2. directly following a nounUsed to indicate the material of the just-mentioned object.First known use 10th c.

      She wore a dress of silk.

      2 more examples

      Perhaps symbolically, Van Doesburg was building a house of straw: he died within a few months of completion, not in Meudon but in Davos, of a heart attack following a bout of asthma.

      2010 January 23, Simon Mawer, “(please specify the article title)”, in Alan Rusbridger, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC

      It's 25km of rolling pitch from the start of the 175 to Nansi. If you want to continue riding through more undeveloped natural landscape, head up the east side of Tsengwen Reservoir.

      2014, Robert Kelly, Chung Wah Chow, Taiwan, 9th edition, Lonely Planet, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 253
    3. Indicating the composition of a given collective or quantitative noun.First known use 12th c.

      What a lot of nonsense!

      4 more examples

      I'll have a dozen of those apples, please.

      His papers at this period contain a mass of very unedifying and uninteresting documents […].

      1844 January–December, W[illiam] M[akepeace] Thackeray, “The Memoirs of Barry Lyndon, Esq. [The Luck of Barry Lyndon.]”, in Miscellanies: Prose and Verse, volume III, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1856, →OCLC

      He is never chased; he would run away with rope-walks of line.

      1851 November 14, Herman Melville, chapter XXXII, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC, page 153

      I'd expected to be confronted by oodles of barely suppressed tension and leather-clad, pouty-mouthed, large-haired sexiness; the visual shorthand of rock gods in general, and Jon Bon Jovi in particular.

      2010 October 31, Polly Vernon, “(please specify the article title)”, in Alan Rusbridger, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC
    4. Used to link a given class of things with a specific example of that class.First known use 12th c.

      Welcome to the historic town of Harwich.

      3 more examples

      Germany's formal name is the Federal Republic of Germany.

      This having the rainy month of March and April to water it, sprung up very pleasantly, and yielded a very good crop […].

      1719 May 6 (Gregorian calendar), [Daniel Defoe], The Life and Strange Surprizing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, […], London: […] W[illiam] Taylor […], →OCLC

      In his studio in the Behlendorf woods, near the Baltic city of Lübeck, Günter Grass reflects on the outcry over his fictive memoir Peeling the Onion.

      2010 October 30, Maya Jaggi, “(please specify the article title)”, in Alan Rusbridger, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC
    5. Links two nouns in near-apposition, with the first qualifying the second; "which is also".First known use 14th c.

      I'm not driving this wreck of a car.

      2 more examples

      As he swallowed the soup his heart warmed to this fool of a girl.

      1911, Katherine Mansfield, In a German Pension

      "I'm having a bitch of a day," he says, after ordering a restorative pint of Guinness and flopping down in a seat by the front window.

      2010 August 22, Sean O'Hagan, “(please specify the article title)”, in Alan Rusbridger, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC
  6. Introducing subject matter.
    1. Links an intransitive verb, or a transitive verb and its subject (especially verbs to do with thinking, feeling, expressing etc.), with its subject-matter; concerning, with regard to.First known use 10th c.

      I'm always thinking of you.

      3 more examples

      [H]e spoke of his uncle with warm regard, was fond of talking of him […]

      1815 December (indicated as 1816), [Jane Austen], Emma: […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: […] [Charles Roworth and James Moyes] for John Murray, →OCLC

      You must not judge of Celia's feeling from mine. I think she likes these small pets.

      1871, George Eliot [pseudonym; Mary Ann Evans], chapter III, in Middlemarch […], volume I, Edinburgh; London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC, book I, page 44

      while producing Cook, which includes more than 250 seasonal recipes by 80 different chefs, we washed up more than 500 times (oh, how I dreamed of dishwashers).

      2010 October 19, Rebecca Seal, “(please specify the article title)”, in Alan Rusbridger, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC
    2. following a noun (now chiefly nouns of knowledge, communication etc.)Introduces its subject matter; about, concerning.First known use 12th c.

      He told us the story of his journey to India.

      1 more example

      Recession and rising unemployment have put paid to most thoughts of further EU enlargement.

      2010 October 21, The Economist
    3. following an adjectiveIntroduces its subject matter.First known use 15th c.

      This behaviour is typical of teenagers.

      1 more example

      The same secludedness and isolation to which the schoolmaster whale betakes himself in his advancing years, is true of all aged Sperm Whales.

      1851 November 14, Herman Melville, Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC
  7. Having partitive effect.
    1. following a number or other quantitive wordIntroduces the whole for which is indicated only the specified part or segment; "from among".First known use 9th c.

      Most of these apples are rotten.

      3 more examples

      But as for me said sire Gareth I medle not of their maters therfore there is none of them that loueth me / And for I vnderstande they be murtherers of good knyghtes I lefte theyre company

      But as for me, said Sir Gareth, I do not meddle their matters, therefore none of them loves me / And, since I understand they are murderers of good knights, I left their company.

      1485, Sir Thomas Malory, “lviij”, in Le Morte Darthur, book X

      The dead bodies of the Koreish were despoiled and insulted; two of the most obnoxious prisoners were punished with death […]

      1788, Edward Gibbon, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, volume VI, London: […] W[illiam] Strahan; and T[homas] Cadell, […], →OCLC

      Many of the civilisational achievements of Mesopotamia are the product of that symbiosis.

      2010 November 10, Michael Wood, “(please specify the article title)”, in Alan Rusbridger, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC
    2. following a nounIndicates a given part.First known use 9th c.

      We want a larger slice of the cake.

      2 more examples

      everyone, even the ladies of the village, called the dish tzigayner shmeklekh, or “gypsies' penises.”

      2005, Naomi Wolf, The Treehouse, page 58

      That, I think, is the buried core of the outrage people feel most generally.

      2006, Norman Mailer, The Big Empty
    3. archaicliteraryor as a predicate after to beSome, an amount of, one of.First known use 9th c.

      On the whole, they seem to be of the decent sort.

      3 more examples

      And the folysshe sayde to the wyse: geve us of youre oyle, for oure lampes goo out?

      1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, Matthew

      My heart aches, and a drowsy numbness pains / My sense, as though of hemlock I had drunk, […]

      1819, John Keats, “Ode to a Nightingale”, in Lamia, Isabella, the Eve of St. Agnes, and Other Poems, London: […] [Thomas Davison] for Taylor and Hessey, […], published 1820, →OCLC, stanza 1, page 107

      Dunning, however, is of the old school, and does not like new faces; so he will have no Irishman at his door, as is the case with two out of three of the houses at which one calls, now-a-days.

      1846, [James Fenimore Cooper], chapter IV, in The Redskins; or, Indian and Injin: […], volume I, New York, N.Y.: Burgess & Stringer, →OCLC, page 56
    4. Links to a genitive noun or possessive pronoun, with partitive effect (though now often merged with possessive senses, below; see also double possessive).First known use 13th c.

      He is a friend of mine.

      2 more examples

      He is just what I should have liked a son of mine to be.

      1893, Oscar Wilde, A Woman of No Importance, section IV

      In its flattering way, the press tried to invest this habit of Bush's with the sense that it was indicative of a particularly sharp wit.

      2010 August 27, Michael Tomasky, “(please specify the article title)”, in Alan Rusbridger, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC
  8. Expressing possession.
    1. Belonging to, existing in, or taking place in a given location, place or time. Compare "origin" senses, above.First known use 9th c.

      He was perhaps the most famous scientist of the twentieth century.

      3 more examples

      The building was erected in two years, at the parochial expence, on the foundation of the former one, which was irreparably damaged by the hurricane of Auguſt, 1712.

      1774, Edward Long, The History of Jamaica. Or, General Survey of the Antient and Modern State of that Island, volume 2, book 2, chapter 7, 5

      Thus, as he dressed, the thoughts and the rage of yesterday began to stir and move in his mind again.

      1908, E. F. Benson, The Blotting Book

      Within ten seconds, the citizens of New York, Cleveland, Detroit and Toronto were being given first-hand experience of what it was like to live in the nineteenth century.

      2003 August 20, Julian Borger, “(please specify the article title)”, in Alan Rusbridger, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC
    2. Belonging to (a place) through having title, ownership or control over it.First known use 9th c.

      The owner of the nightclub was arrested.

      2 more examples

      In a much-anticipated radio broadcast the Duke of Edinburgh said last night that Britain will be a grim place in the year 2000 […]

      1977 October 28, “(please specify the article title)”, in Peter Preston, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC

      The third son, William John (1826-1902), was headmaster of the Boys' British School, Hitchin […]

      2001, Dictionary of National Biography, page 27
    3. Belonging to (someone or something) as something they possess or have as a characteristic; the "possessive genitive". (With abstract nouns, this intersects with the subjective genitive, above under "agency" senses.)First known use 13th c.

      Keep the handle of the saucepan away from the flames.

      2 more examples

      The breasts of young girls sometimes become tender at puberty in sympathy with the evolution of the sexual organs […]

      1933, Havelock Ellis, Psychology of Sex, volume 4

      It amounts to knocking on the door of No 10 then running away.

      2010 October 29, Marina Hyde, “(please specify the article title)”, in Alan Rusbridger, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC
  9. Forming the "objective genitive".
    1. Follows an agent noun, verbal noun or noun of action.First known use 12th c.

      She had a profound distrust of the police.

      2 more examples

      And he saith unto them, Follow me, and I will make you fishers of men.

      1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Matthew 4

      Antifeminism has been a credible cover and an effective vehicle because the hatred of women is not politically anathema on either the Right or the Left.

      2000, Sheila Ruth, Issues in Feminism
  10. Expressing qualities or characteristics.
    1. archaicliteraryLinks an adjective with a noun or noun phrase to form a quasi-adverbial qualifier; in respect to, as regards.First known use 13th c.

      My companion seemed affable and easy of manner.

      3 more examples

      This fact becomes very noticeable when a cultivated tongue ceases to be used any longer by the educated, and is heard only from the mouths of the illiterate. The variations which spring up under such circumstances are easy of observation, because we have an ideal standard preserved by which to compare the present with the past.

      1879, Thomas Raynesford Lounsbury, History of the English Language, page 112

      He was huge, raw-boned, knotty, long of body and long of leg, with the head of a war charger.

      1917, Zane Gray, Wildfire, page 35

      Still nimble of mind and fleet of foot, Morris buzzed here and there, linking well and getting stuck in at every opportunity.

      2004 August 11, Sean Ingle, “(please specify the article title)”, in Alan Rusbridger, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC
    2. Indicates a quality or characteristic; "characterized by".First known use 13th c.

      Pooh was said to be a bear of very little brain.

      2 more examples

      His frank acceptance of the situation marks him as either an innocent man, or else as a man of considerable self-restraint and firmness.

      1891, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, The Boscombe Valley Mystery

      No other man has made so deep a mark on his time and on our world unless he has been a man of action, a Cromwell or a Napoleon.

      1951, Jacob Bronowski, The Common Sense of Science
    3. Indicates quantity, age, price, etc.First known use 13th c.

      A young man of 20 has been paying interest at an exorbitant rate of 10%.

      2 more examples

      She was a tall young girl of about twenty-two or three, holding herself erect and with fine dignity.

      1903, Frank Norris, The Pit, Doubleday, published 1924, page 4

      A police car, traveling southbound at a speed of 40.0 m/s, approaches with its siren producing sound at a frequency of 2 500 Hz.

      1996, Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett, Principles of Physics, published 2006, page 428
    4. USinformalconsidered incorrect by someUsed to link singular indefinite nouns (preceded by the indefinite article) and attributive adjectives modified by certain common adverbs of degree.

      It's not that big of a deal. (Standard form: It's not that big a deal.)

      3 more examples

      Such hegemonic projects often appropriate certain local traditions and re-inscribe them as "national," while dismissing other traditions which pose too great of a threat to the reproduction of the existing socio-political order.

      1990, Mary Crain, “The Social Construction of National Identity in Highland Ecuador”, in Anthropological Quarterly, volume 61, number 1, page 43

      For some individuals, even 1000 calories/day may be too great of a deficit.

      1998, Lyle McDonald, The Ketogenic Diet: A Complete Guide for the Dieter and Practitioner, page 98

      While it is quite obvious that the state continues to try and dilute the voting power of Native Americans, at least as big of a challenge is the need for mobilizing Native American voters.

      2017, Jean Reith Schroedel, Artour Aslanian, “A Case Study of Descriptive Representation: The Experience of Native American Elected Officials in South Dakota”, in American Indian Quarterly, volume 41, number 3, page 278
  11. Expressing a point in time.
    1. regionalDuring the course of (a set period of time, day of the week etc.), now specifically with implied repetition or regularity.First known use 9th c.

      Of an evening, we would often go for a stroll along the river.

      2 more examples

      For, sometimes of an afternoon when Miss Pupford has been reading the paper through her little gold eye-glass[…], she has become agitated, […]

      1861, Charles Dickens, “Tom Tiddler’s Ground. Chapter VI. Picking Up Miss Kimmeens.”, in Christmas Stories […] (The Works of Charles Dickens; XV), de luxe edition, London: Chapman and Hall, published 1881, →OCLC, page 242

      If there was a type Ida despised, Sir Claude communicated to Maisie, it was the man who pottered about town of a Sunday […]

      1897 October 16, Henry James, What Maisie Knew, Chicago, Ill.; New York, N.Y.: Herbert S. Stone & Co., →OCLC
    2. UKdialectalFor (a given length of time).First known use 13th c.

      I’ve not taken her out of a goodly long while.

    3. Indicates duration of a state, activity etc.First known use 18th c.

      After a delay of three hours, the plane finally took off.

      1 more example

      The cab driver's claim he was sleepwalking during the attack has already been supported by his wife of 37 years.

      2011 March 2, Grant McCabe, The Sun
    4. USBefore (the hour); to (the hour).First known use 19th c.

      I’ll be ready at ten of two

      I’ll be ready at 1:50

      4 more examples

      What's the time? / Nearly a quarter of three.

      I'll be ready by five of noon.

      "Fellow Democrats," he began, "I left Washington at a quarter of two this morning […]"

      1940 June 17, “Little Bull Booed”, in Time, New York, N.Y.: Time Inc., →ISSN, →OCLC

      Quarter of seven. Fifteen minutes to go.

      1982, TC Boyle, Water Music, Penguin, published 2006, page 194
    5. USinformalOften used without the hour.First known use 19th c.

      I’ll be ready at ten of

      I’ll be ready at 1:50, or 2:50, or whatever time ending in 50 makes most sense in context.

      1 more example

      Wednesday was more of the same. Out at 08:30, got to the office by quarter of, clients all day.

      2022 May 16, Ariel Levine, 09:20 from the start, in Giancarlo Esposito, director, Better Call Saul S6E6: Axe and Grind (TV series), spoken by Private Investigator (Lennie Loftin)

of2

verb
  1. pronunciation spellingusually in modal perfect constructionsEye dialect spelling of have and 've, chiefly in depictions of colloquial speech.

    "You couldn't of known," Livio says.

    1992, Neal Stephenson, Snow Crash, New York: Bantam Books, →ISBN, page 340
    3 more examples

    I have refrained from giving many details which I might of done, from feelings of delicacy; indeed, they were of so dark and dreadful a nature, that I could do no more than hint at them

    1846, Linus Wilson Miller, Notes of an Exile to Van Dieman's Land (McKinstry: Fredonia, NY) p. 367

    "I had a woman up here last week to look at my feet, and when she have been the bill you'd of thought she had my appendicitus out."

    1926, F. Scott Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby, Penguin, published 2000, page 33

    ‘You must of left your door unlocked. Or even open.’

    1943, Raymond Chandler, The High Window, Penguin, published 2005, page 87

OF3

proper noun
  1. abbreviationinitialismInitialism of Old French.
  2. abbreviationinitialismInitialism of Old Frisian.
  3. InternetabbreviationAbbreviation of OnlyFans.
  4. abbreviationinitialismCatholicismInitialism of Ordinary Form.
nounOF (plural OFs)

plural OFs

  1. abbreviationball gamesAbbreviation of outfield.
  2. abbreviationball gamesAbbreviation of outfielder.
  3. InternetabbreviationAbbreviation of OnlyFans (“an account on OnlyFans”).

Synonyms & antonyms

Origin

of · preposition

  1. Proto-Indo-European*h₂ep
  2. Proto-Indo-European*h₂epó
  3. Proto-Germanic*ab
  4. Proto-West Germanic*ab
  5. Old Englishæf
  6. Old Englishof
  7. Middle Englishof
  8. Englishof

From Middle English of, from Old English of (“from, out of, off”), an unstressed form of æf, from Proto-West Germanic *ab, from Proto-Germanic *ab (“away; away from”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“away”). Doublet of off, which is the stressed descendant of the same Old English word. More at off.

Full word history & related roots →

of · verb

A spelling of /əv/ influenced by Etymology 1.

Full word history & related roots →

Translations

Afrikaans van, van
  • vanintroducing an epithet
  • vanpossessive genitive: belonging to
  • vanobjective genitive: connecting action noun with object
Arabic مِنْ, لِـ
  • مِنْ (min)containing, comprising or made from
  • لِـ (li-)possessive genitive: belonging to
  • لدى (ladā)possessive genitive: belonging to
Bulgarian от, на
  • от (ot)containing, comprising or made from
  • на (na)possessive genitive: belonging to
  • за (za)introducing topic or subject matter
Catalan de, de
  • deintroducing an epithet
  • decontaining, comprising or made from
  • depossessive genitive: belonging to
  • deintroducing topic or subject matter
  • deconnecting numeral or quantifier with quantified
  • deobjective genitive: connecting action noun with object
Chinese Cantonese ...嘅, 個 /个
  • ...嘅 (...ge³)possessive genitive: belonging to
  • 個 /个 (go³)possessive genitive: belonging to
Chinese Mandarin 的, 的
  • 的 (de)indicative of age
  • 的containing, comprising or made from
  • ...的 (...de)possessive genitive: belonging to
  • ...之 (...zhī)possessive genitive: belonging to
  • ...的 (...de)subjective genitive: connecting action noun with subject
Czech z, z
  • zintroducing an epithet
  • zcontaining, comprising or made from
  • zpossessive genitive: belonging to
  • zepossessive genitive: belonging to
Danish af, af
  • afintroducing an epithet
  • afpossessive genitive: belonging to
  • i(to tell the time) before, to, e.g. a quarter of three (2:45)
Dutch van, -s--e--en-
  • vanintroducing an epithet
  • -s--e--en-linking class with example of class
  • vanindicative of age
  • vancontaining, comprising or made from
  • vanpossessive genitive: belonging to
  • overintroducing topic or subject matter
  • aanintroducing topic or subject matter
  • vanintroducing topic or subject matter
  • vanconnecting numeral or quantifier with quantified
  • vanobjective genitive: connecting action noun with object
  • voor(to tell the time) before, to, e.g. a quarter of three (2:45)
Esperanto de, de
  • deintroducing an epithet
  • delinking class with example of class
  • deindicative of age
  • decontaining, comprising or made from
  • dacontaining, comprising or made from
  • elcontaining, comprising or made from
  • depossessive genitive: belonging to
  • priintroducing topic or subject matter
  • deconnecting numeral or quantifier with quantified
  • elconnecting numeral or quantifier with quantified
  • deobjective genitive: connecting action noun with object
  • antaŭ(to tell the time) before, to, e.g. a quarter of three (2:45)
Estonian -aastane, -kuune
  • -aastaneindicative of age
  • -kuuneindicative of age
  • -nädalaneindicative of age
  • -päevaneindicative of age
  • enne(to tell the time) before, to, e.g. a quarter of three (2:45)
  • -st puudu(to tell the time) before, to, e.g. a quarter of three (2:45)
Finnish -vuotias, -kuinen
  • -vuotiasindicative of age
  • -kuinenindicative of age
  • -viikkoinenindicative of age
  • -päiväinenindicative of age
  • vaille(to tell the time) before, to, e.g. a quarter of three (2:45)
French de, de
  • deintroducing an epithet
  • delinking class with example of class
  • deindicative of age
  • decontaining, comprising or made from
  • depossessive genitive: belonging to
  • deintroducing topic or subject matter
  • quant àintroducing topic or subject matter
  • deconnecting numeral or quantifier with quantified
  • desubjective genitive: connecting action noun with subject
  • deobjective genitive: connecting action noun with object
  • moins(to tell the time) before, to, e.g. a quarter of three (2:45)
German von, aus
  • vonintroducing an epithet
  • auscontaining, comprising or made from
  • vonpossessive genitive: belonging to
  • vonintroducing topic or subject matter
  • überintroducing topic or subject matter
  • derconnecting numeral or quantifier with quantified
  • vonobjective genitive: connecting action noun with object
  • vor(to tell the time) before, to, e.g. a quarter of three (2:45)
Greek από, παρά
  • από (apó)containing, comprising or made from
  • παρά (pará)(to tell the time) before, to, e.g. a quarter of three (2:45)
Hebrew בן, שֶׁל
  • בן (ben)indicative of age
  • שֶׁל (shel)possessive genitive: belonging to
  • מ־ (mi-)connecting numeral or quantifier with quantified
  • שֶׁל (shel)objective genitive: connecting action noun with object
  • ל־ (l'-)(to tell the time) before, to, e.g. a quarter of three (2:45)
Hindi ... का, -ए-
  • ... का (... kā)possessive genitive: belonging to
  • -ए- (-e-)possessive genitive: belonging to
Hungarian -ból, -ből
  • -bólcontaining, comprising or made from
  • -bőlcontaining, comprising or made from
Indonesian dari, rumah Andi
  • dariintroducing an epithet
  • rumah Andipossessive genitive: belonging to
  • Andi’s housepossessive genitive: belonging to
Irish an, not expressed
  • anintroducing an epithet
  • not expressedlinking class with example of class
  • decontaining, comprising or made from
  • deconnecting numeral or quantifier with quantified
Italian di, di
  • diintroducing an epithet
  • dilinking class with example of class
  • dicontaining, comprising or made from
  • dipossessive genitive: belonging to
  • diintroducing topic or subject matter
  • diobjective genitive: connecting action noun with object
  • perobjective genitive: connecting action noun with object
  • versoobjective genitive: connecting action noun with object
Japanese ...の, 歳の
  • ...のlinking class with example of class
  • 歳の (sai no)indicative of age
  • の中の (no naka no)containing, comprising or made from
  • の (no)containing, comprising or made from
  • ...のpossessive genitive: belonging to
  • ...のconnecting numeral or quantifier with quantified
  • ...のobjective genitive: connecting action noun with object
  • の前 (no mae)(to tell the time) before, to, e.g. a quarter of three (2:45)
Korean ...의, ...의
  • ...의 (...ui)linking class with example of class
  • ...의 (...ui)possessive genitive: belonging to
  • ...의 (...ui)connecting numeral or quantifier with quantified
  • ...의 (...ui)objective genitive: connecting action noun with object
  • 전 (jeon)(to tell the time) before, to, e.g. a quarter of three (2:45)
Latin in classical Latin, in medieval Latin
  • in classical Latinlinking class with example of class
  • in medieval Latinlinking class with example of class
  • nātusindicative of age
  • excontaining, comprising or made from
  • dēcontaining, comprising or made from
  • dēpossessive genitive: belonging to
  • dēintroducing topic or subject matter
  • exconnecting numeral or quantifier with quantified
  • dēconnecting numeral or quantifier with quantified
Malay dari
  • dariintroducing an epithet
Māori o, a
  • opossessive genitive: belonging to
  • apossessive genitive: belonging to
Norwegian av
  • avintroducing an epithet
Norwegian Bokmål av, med
  • avcontaining, comprising or made from
  • medcontaining, comprising or made from
  • avpossessive genitive: belonging to
  • tilpossessive genitive: belonging to
  • -spossessive genitive: belonging to
  • avconnecting numeral or quantifier with quantified
  • avobjective genitive: connecting action noun with object
Polish z, z
  • zintroducing an epithet
  • zcontaining, comprising or made from
  • ointroducing topic or subject matter
  • na tematintroducing topic or subject matter
  • zconnecting numeral or quantifier with quantified
Portuguese de, de
  • deintroducing an epithet
  • delinking class with example of class
  • deindicative of age
  • decontaining, comprising or made from
  • depossessive genitive: belonging to
  • deintroducing topic or subject matter
  • sobreintroducing topic or subject matter
  • emintroducing topic or subject matter
  • a respeito deintroducing topic or subject matter
  • deobjective genitive: connecting action noun with object
  • para(to tell the time) before, to, e.g. a quarter of three (2:45)
Romanian de, de
  • deintroducing an epithet
  • decontaining, comprising or made from
  • depossessive genitive: belonging to
Russian из, -ов
  • из (iz)containing, comprising or made from
  • -ов (-ov)possessive genitive: belonging to
  • -ев (-ev)possessive genitive: belonging to
  • -ёв (-jóv)possessive genitive: belonging to
  • -ин (-in)possessive genitive: belonging to
  • -ын (-yn)possessive genitive: belonging to
  • о (o)introducing topic or subject matter
  • об (ob)introducing topic or subject matter
  • про (pro)introducing topic or subject matter
  • насчёт (nasčót)introducing topic or subject matter
  • из (iz)connecting numeral or quantifier with quantified
Scottish Gaelic de
  • depossessive genitive: belonging to
Slovak z, z
  • zintroducing an epithet
  • zlinking class with example of class
  • zcontaining, comprising or made from
  • -ovpossessive genitive: belonging to
  • -inpossessive genitive: belonging to
Spanish de, de
  • deintroducing an epithet
  • delinking class with example of class
  • deindicative of age
  • decontaining, comprising or made from
  • depossessive genitive: belonging to
  • deintroducing topic or subject matter
  • en cuanto aintroducing topic or subject matter
  • acerca deintroducing topic or subject matter
  • deconnecting numeral or quantifier with quantified
  • desubjective genitive: connecting action noun with subject
  • deobjective genitive: connecting action noun with object
  • menos(to tell the time) before, to, e.g. a quarter of three (2:45)
Swahili wa, -a
  • waintroducing an epithet
  • -acontaining, comprising or made from
  • -apossessive genitive: belonging to
Swedish av, på
  • avintroducing an epithet
  • pålinking class with example of class
  • avcontaining, comprising or made from
  • -spossessive genitive: belonging to
  • avpossessive genitive: belonging to
  • påintroducing topic or subject matter
  • omintroducing topic or subject matter
  • -sconnecting numeral or quantifier with quantified
  • avconnecting numeral or quantifier with quantified
  • -sobjective genitive: connecting action noun with object
  • avobjective genitive: connecting action noun with object
  • avobjective genitive: connecting action noun with object
Tagalog ng, ng
  • ngintroducing an epithet
  • ngpossessive genitive: belonging to
  • nipossessive genitive: belonging to
Tamil -இன், -ஐ சேர்ந்த
  • -இன் (-iṉ)introducing an epithet
  • -ஐ சேர்ந்த (-ai cērnta)introducing an epithet
  • Nindicative of age
  • Aindicative of age
  • N/A. Alternatives: நிறைய (niṟaiya)containing, comprising or made from
  • கொண்ட (koṇṭa)containing, comprising or made from
  • -ஆல் ஆன (-āl āṉa)containing, comprising or made from
  • -இன் (-iṉ)possessive genitive: belonging to
  • -உடைய (-uṭaiya)possessive genitive: belonging to
  • varies. பற்றி (paṟṟi)introducing topic or subject matter
  • -இன் (-iṉ)subjective genitive: connecting action noun with subject
  • varies.objective genitive: connecting action noun with object
Thai แห่ง, ของ
  • แห่ง (hɛ̀ng)introducing an epithet
  • ของ (kɔ̌ɔng)possessive genitive: belonging to
Tunisian Arabic مْتاع
  • مْتاع (mtēʕ-)possessive genitive: belonging to
Turkish -in, -ın
  • -inpossessive genitive: belonging to
  • -ınpossessive genitive: belonging to
  • -ünpossessive genitive: belonging to
  • -unpossessive genitive: belonging to
Ukrainian з, про
  • з (z)containing, comprising or made from
  • про (pro)introducing topic or subject matter
  • з (z)connecting numeral or quantifier with quantified
  • до (do)(to tell the time) before, to, e.g. a quarter of three (2:45)
Urdu ... کا, izāfa
  • ... کا (... kā)possessive genitive: belonging to
  • izāfapossessive genitive: belonging to
Vietnamese nước, thành
  • nướcintroducing an epithet
  • thànhintroducing an epithet
  • xứintroducing an epithet
  • củaintroducing an epithet
  • cóindicative of age
  • bằngcontaining, comprising or made from
  • củapossessive genitive: belonging to
  • vềintroducing topic or subject matter
Welsh o
  • ointroducing an epithet
Yiddish פֿון, פֿון
  • פֿון (fun)containing, comprising or made from
  • פֿון (fun)possessive genitive: belonging to

Rhymes & wordplay

Rhymes with of

All rhymes →

Sounds the same

off've (unstressed of only, postconsonantal 've only)a stripped-by-parse_pron_post_template_fn
Cite this entry
APA

of. (n.d.). In WatkinsX Dictionary. Retrieved November 2, 2026, from https://dictionary.watkinsx.com/word/of

MLA

“of.” WatkinsX Dictionary, https://dictionary.watkinsx.com/word/of. Accessed November 2, 2026.

Chicago

WatkinsX Dictionary, s.v. “of,” accessed November 2, 2026, https://dictionary.watkinsx.com/word/of.

Source: of on Wiktionary, CC BY-SA 4.0.